V tej vadnici bomo s pomočjo primerov spoznali različne vrste operaterjev v jeziku C ++. Pri programiranju je operater simbol, ki deluje na vrednost ali spremenljivko.
Operatorji so simboli, ki izvajajo operacije nad spremenljivkami in vrednostmi. Na primer, +je operator, ki se uporablja za seštevanje, medtem ko -je operator, ki se uporablja za odštevanje.
Operaterje v jeziku C ++ lahko razvrstimo v 6 vrst:
- Aritmetični operaterji
- Operatorji dodelitve
- Relacijski operaterji
- Logični operaterji
- Bitni operaterji
- Drugi operaterji
1. Aritmetični operaterji C ++
Aritmetični operatorji se uporabljajo za izvajanje aritmetičnih operacij nad spremenljivkami in podatki. Na primer
a + b;
Tu +uporabimo operator za dodajanje dveh spremenljivk a in b. Podobno obstajajo v C ++ različni drugi aritmetični operatorji.
| Operater | Delovanje |
|---|---|
+ | Dodatek |
- | Odštevanje |
* | Množenje |
/ | Divizija |
% | Modulo Operation (Preostanek po delitvi) |
Primer 1: Aritmetični operatorji
#include using namespace std; int main() ( int a, b; a = 7; b = 2; // printing the sum of a and b cout << "a + b = " << (a + b) << endl; // printing the difference of a and b cout << "a - b = " << (a - b) << endl; // printing the product of a and b cout << "a * b = " << (a * b) << endl; // printing the division of a by b cout << "a / b = " << (a / b) << endl; // printing the modulo of a by b cout << "a % b = " << (a % b) << endl; return 0; )
Izhod
a + b = 9 a - b = 5 a * b = 14 a / b = 3 a% b = 1
Tukaj, operaterji +, -in *izračunati seštevanje, odštevanje, množenje in sicer, kot smo lahko pričakovali.
/ Operater oddelka
Upoštevajte delovanje (a / b)v našem programu. /Operater je operater delitev.
Kot lahko vidimo iz zgornjega primera, če celo število delimo z drugim celo število, bomo dobili količnik. Če pa je delitelj ali dividenda število s plavajočo vejico, bomo rezultat dobili v decimalnih številkah.
V jeziku C ++ je 7/2 3 7,0 / 2 3,5 3,5 / 2,0 3,5 3,5 7,0 / 2,0 3,5
% Modulo Operator
Operator modula %izračuna preostanek. Ko a = 9je deljeno z b = 4, je ostanek 1 .
Opomba:% operater se lahko uporablja samo s celimi števili.
Operatorji inkrementa in dekrementa
C ++ ponuja tudi operatorje prirastka in zmanjšanja: ++in --. ++poveča vrednost operanda za 1 , medtem ko jo --zmanjša za 1 .
Na primer
int num = 5; // increasing num by 1 ++num;
Tu se vrednost num poveča na 6 z začetne vrednosti 5 .
Primer 2: Operatorji inkrementa in dekrementa
// Working of increment and decrement operators #include using namespace std; int main() ( int a = 10, b = 100, result_a, result_b; // incrementing a by 1 and storing the result in result_a result_a = ++a; cout << "result_a = " << result_a << endl; // decrementing b by 1 and storing the result in result_b result_b = --b; cout << "result_b = " << result_b << endl; return 0; )
Izhod
rezultat_a = 11 rezultat_b = 99
V zgornjem programu smo kot predpono uporabili operator ++in --operator . Te operatorje lahko uporabimo tudi kot postfix .
Majhna razlika je, če se ti operaterji uporabljajo kot predpona v primerjavi s tem, ko se uporabljajo kot postfiksi.
Če želite izvedeti več o teh operaterjih, obiščite operatorje prirastka in zmanjšanja.
2. Operaterji dodelitve C ++
V C ++ se operaterji dodelitve uporabljajo za dodelitev vrednosti spremenljivkam. Na primer
// assign 5 to a a = 5;
Tu smo 5spremenljivki a dodelili vrednost od .
| Operater | Primer | Enakovreden |
|---|---|---|
= | a = b; | a = b; |
+= | a += b; | a = a + b; |
-= | a -= b; | a = a - b; |
*= | a *= b; | a = a * b; |
/= | a /= b; | a = a / b; |
%= | a %= b; | a = a % b; |
Primer 2: Operatorji dodelitve
#include using namespace std; int main() ( int a, b, temp; // 2 is assigned to a a = 2; // 7 is assigned to b b = 7; // value of a is assigned to temp temp = a; // temp will be 2 cout << "temp = " << temp << endl; // assigning the sum of a and b to a a += b; // a = a +b cout << "a = " << a << endl; return 0; )
Izhod
temp = 2 a = 9
3. Relacijski operaterji C ++
A relational operator is used to check the relationship between two operands. For example,
// checks if a is greater than b a> b;
Here, > is a relational operator. It checks if a is greater than b or not.
If the relation is true, it returns 1 whereas if the relation is false, it returns 0.
| Operator | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|
== | Is Equal To | 3 == 5 gives us false |
!= | Not Equal To | 3 != 5 gives us true |
> | Greater Than | 3> 5 gives us false |
< | Less Than | 3 < 5 gives us true |
>= | Greater Than or Equal To | 3>= 5 give us false |
<= | Less Than or Equal To | 3 <= 5 gives us true |
Example 4: Relational Operators
#include using namespace std; int main() ( int a, b; a = 3; b = 5; bool result; result = (a == b); // false cout << "3 == 5 is " << result << endl; result = (a != b); // true cout << "3 != 5 is " << result < b; // false cout < 5 is " << result << endl; result = a < b; // true cout << "3 < 5 is " << result <= b; // false cout <= 5 is " << result << endl; result = a <= b; // true cout << "3 <= 5 is " << result << endl; return 0; )
Output
3 == 5 is 0 3 != 5 is 1 3> 5 is 0 3 = 5 is 0 3 <= 5 is 1
Note: Relational operators are used in decision making and loops.
4. C++ Logical Operators
Logical operators are used to check whether an expression is true or false. If the expression is true, it returns 1 whereas if the expression is false, it returns 0.
| Operator | Example | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
&& | expression1 && expression2 | Logical AND. True only if all the operands are true. |
|| | expression1 || expression2 | Logical OR. True if at least one of the operands is true. |
! | !expression | Logical NOT. True only if the operand is false. |
In C++, logical operators are commonly used in decision making. To further understand the logical operators, let's see the following examples,
Suppose, a = 5 b = 8 Then, (a> 3) && (b> 5) evaluates to true (a> 3) && (b 3) || (b> 5) evaluates to true (a> 3) || (b < 5) evaluates to true (a < 3) || (b 3) evaluates to false
Example 5: Logical Operators
#include using namespace std; int main() ( bool result; result = (3 != 5) && (3 < 5); // true cout << "(3 != 5) && (3 < 5) is " << result << endl; result = (3 == 5) && (3 < 5); // false cout << "(3 == 5) && (3 < 5) is " << result < 5); // false cout < 5) is " << result << endl; result = (3 != 5) || (3 < 5); // true cout << "(3 != 5) || (3 < 5) is " << result < 5); // true cout < 5) is " << result < 5); // false cout < 5) is " << result << endl; result = !(5 == 2); // true cout << "!(5 == 2) is " << result << endl; result = !(5 == 5); // false cout << "!(5 == 5) is " << result << endl; return 0; )
Output
(3 != 5) && (3 < 5) is 1 (3 == 5) && (3 5) is 0 (3 != 5) || (3 5) is 1 (3 == 5) || (3 < 5) is 0 !(5 == 2) is 1 !(5 == 5) is 0
Explanation of logical operator program
(3 != 5) && (3 < 5)evaluates to 1 because both operands(3 != 5)and(3 < 5)are 1 (true).(3 == 5) && (3 < 5)evaluates to 0 because the operand(3 == 5)is 0 (false).(3 == 5) && (3> 5)evaluates to 0 because both operands(3 == 5)and(3> 5)are 0 (false).(3 != 5) || (3 < 5)evaluates to 1 because both operands(3 != 5)and(3 < 5)are 1 (true).(3 != 5) || (3> 5)evaluates to 1 because the operand(3 != 5)is 1 (true).(3 == 5) || (3> 5)evaluates to 0 because both operands(3 == 5)and(3> 5)are 0 (false).!(5 == 2)evaluates to 1 because the operand(5 == 2)is 0 (false).!(5 == 5)ovrednoten kot 0 , ker je operand(5 == 5)je 1 (res).
5. Bitni operaterji C ++
V C ++ se bitni operatorji uporabljajo za izvajanje operacij nad posameznimi biti. Prav tako se lahko uporablja samo skupaj charin intpodatkovnih tipov.
| Operater | Opis |
|---|---|
& | Binarni IN |
| | Binarno ALI |
^ | Binarni XOR |
~ | Binarno dopolnilo |
<< | Binarni premik levo |
>> | Binarni premik desno |
Če želite izvedeti več, obiščite bitne operatorje C ++.
Poleg operaterjev razpravljali zgoraj, obstaja nekaj drugih operaterjev, kot so sizeof, ?, ., &, itd, da ne more biti lepo uvrstiti v eno ali drugo vrsto. Več o teh operaterjih bomo izvedeli v poznejših vajah.
