V tej vadnici boste izvedeli, kako iz b-drevesa izbrišete ključ. Prav tako boste našli delovne primere brisanja ključev iz drevesa B v C, C ++, Java in Python.
Brisanje elementa v B-drevesu je sestavljeno iz treh glavnih dogodkov: iskanje vozlišča, kjer obstaja ključ, ki ga je treba izbrisati , brisanje ključa in po potrebi uravnoteženje drevesa.
Med brisanjem drevesa lahko pride do stanja, imenovanega podtok . Do podgrevanja pride, ko vozlišče vsebuje manj kot najmanjše število ključev, ki jih mora imeti.
Izrazi, ki jih je treba razumeti pred preučevanjem postopka brisanja, so:
- Predhodnik Inorder
Največji ključ na levem podrejenem vozlišču se imenuje njegov predhodnik inorder. - Naslednik Inorder
Najmanjši ključ na desnem podrejenem vozlišču se imenuje njegov naslednik inorder.
Postopek brisanja
Preden se lotimo spodnjih korakov, moramo vedeti ta dejstva o drevesu B stopnje m .
- Vozlišče ima lahko največ m otrok. (tj. 3)
- Vozlišče lahko vsebuje največ
m - 1ključev. (tj. 2) - Vozlišče mora imeti najmanj
⌈m/2⌉otrok. (tj. 2) - Vozlišče (razen korenskega vozlišča) mora vsebovati najmanj
⌈m/2⌉ - 1ključev. (tj. 1)
Obstajajo trije glavni primeri za brisanje v drevesu B.
Primer I
Ključ, ki ga želite izbrisati, je v listu. Zanj obstajata dva primera.
- Izbris ključa ne krši lastnosti najmanjšega števila ključev, ki jih mora imeti vozlišče.
V spodnjem drevesu brisanje 32 ne krši zgornjih lastnosti.
Brisanje ključa lista (32) iz drevesa B - Brisanje ključa krši lastnost najmanjšega števila ključev, ki jih mora vozlišče imeti. V tem primeru si izposodimo ključ od njegovega sosednjega sorodstvenega vozlišča po vrstnem redu od leve proti desni.
Najprej obiščite neposrednega levega brata ali sestro. Če ima vozlišče levega brata ali sestre več kot najmanjše število ključev, si izposodite ključ od tega vozlišča.
V nasprotnem primeru potrdite, če si želite izposoditi neposredno vozlišče desnega brata ali sestre.
V spodnjem drevesu brisanje 31 povzroči zgoraj navedeno stanje. Izposodimo si ključ od levega bratskega vozlišča.
Brisanje listnega ključa (31) Če imata obe neposredni vozliščni sestavi že minimalno število ključev, nato vozlišče združite z levim vozliščem ali desnim vozliščem. To združevanje se izvede prek nadrejenega vozlišča.
Brisanje 30 rezultatov v zgornjem primeru.
Brisanje listnega ključa (30)
Primer II
Če je ključ, ki ga želite izbrisati, v notranjem vozlišču, se pojavijo naslednji primeri.
- Notranje vozlišče, ki se izbriše, nadomesti predhodnik inorder, če ima levi podrejeni element več kot najmanjše število ključev.
Brisanje notranjega vozlišča (33) - Notranje vozlišče, ki se izbriše, nadomesti naslednik inorder, če ima pravi podrejeni element več kot najmanjše število ključev.
- Če ima kateri koli otrok natančno minimalno število tipk, združite levi in desni podrejeni element.
Brisanje notranjega vozlišča (30) Po združitvi, če ima nadrejeno vozlišče manj kot najmanjše število ključev, poiščite brate in sestre, kot v primeru I.
Primer III
V tem primeru se višina drevesa skrči. Če se ciljni ključ nahaja v notranjem vozlišču in če izbris ključa privede do manjšega števila ključev v vozlišču (tj. Manjše od zahtevanega minimuma), poiščite predhodnika inorder naslednika. Če oba otroka vsebujeta najmanjše število ključev, izposoja ne more potekati. To vodi v primer II (3), tj. Združitev otrok.
Ponovno poiščite sorojenca, da si izposodi ključ. Če pa ima brat ali sestra tudi minimalno število ključev, združite vozlišče z bratom in sestro skupaj s staršem. Otroke ustrezno razporedite (naraščajoči vrstni red).
Brisanje notranjega vozlišča (10)
Primeri Python, Java in C / C ++
Python Java C C ++ # Deleting a key on a B-tree in Python # Btree node class BTreeNode: def __init__(self, leaf=False): self.leaf = leaf self.keys = () self.child = () class BTree: def __init__(self, t): self.root = BTreeNode(True) self.t = t # Insert a key def insert(self, k): root = self.root if len(root.keys) == (2 * self.t) - 1: temp = BTreeNode() self.root = temp temp.child.insert(0, root) self.split_child(temp, 0) self.insert_non_full(temp, k) else: self.insert_non_full(root, k) # Insert non full def insert_non_full(self, x, k): i = len(x.keys) - 1 if x.leaf: x.keys.append((None, None)) while i>= 0 and k(0) = 0 and k(0) x.keys(i)(0): i += 1 self.insert_non_full(x.child(i), k) # Split the child def split_child(self, x, i): t = self.t y = x.child(i) z = BTreeNode(y.leaf) x.child.insert(i + 1, z) x.keys.insert(i, y.keys(t - 1)) z.keys = y.keys(t: (2 * t) - 1) y.keys = y.keys(0: t - 1) if not y.leaf: z.child = y.child(t: 2 * t) y.child = y.child(0: t - 1) # Delete a node def delete(self, x, k): t = self.t i = 0 while i x.keys(i)(0): i += 1 if x.leaf: if i < len(x.keys) and x.keys(i)(0) == k(0): x.keys.pop(i) return return if i = t: self.delete(x.child(i), k) else: if i != 0 and i + 2 = t: self.delete_sibling(x, i, i - 1) elif len(x.child(i + 1).keys)>= t: self.delete_sibling(x, i, i + 1) else: self.delete_merge(x, i, i + 1) elif i == 0: if len(x.child(i + 1).keys)>= t: self.delete_sibling(x, i, i + 1) else: self.delete_merge(x, i, i + 1) elif i + 1 == len(x.child): if len(x.child(i - 1).keys)>= t: self.delete_sibling(x, i, i - 1) else: self.delete_merge(x, i, i - 1) self.delete(x.child(i), k) # Delete internal node def delete_internal_node(self, x, k, i): t = self.t if x.leaf: if x.keys(i)(0) == k(0): x.keys.pop(i) return return if len(x.child(i).keys)>= t: x.keys(i) = self.delete_predecessor(x.child(i)) return elif len(x.child(i + 1).keys)>= t: x.keys(i) = self.delete_successor(x.child(i + 1)) return else: self.delete_merge(x, i, i + 1) self.delete_internal_node(x.child(i), k, self.t - 1) # Delete the predecessor def delete_predecessor(self, x): if x.leaf: return x.pop() n = len(x.keys) - 1 if len(x.child(n).keys)>= self.t: self.delete_sibling(x, n + 1, n) else: self.delete_merge(x, n, n + 1) self.delete_predecessor(x.child(n)) # Delete the successor def delete_successor(self, x): if x.leaf: return x.keys.pop(0) if len(x.child(1).keys)>= self.t: self.delete_sibling(x, 0, 1) else: self.delete_merge(x, 0, 1) self.delete_successor(x.child(0)) # Delete resolution def delete_merge(self, x, i, j): cnode = x.child(i) if j> i: rsnode = x.child(j) cnode.keys.append(x.keys(i)) for k in range(len(rsnode.keys)): cnode.keys.append(rsnode.keys(k)) if len(rsnode.child)> 0: cnode.child.append(rsnode.child(k)) if len(rsnode.child)> 0: cnode.child.append(rsnode.child.pop()) new = cnode x.keys.pop(i) x.child.pop(j) else: lsnode = x.child(j) lsnode.keys.append(x.keys(j)) for i in range(len(cnode.keys)): lsnode.keys.append(cnode.keys(i)) if len(lsnode.child)> 0: lsnode.child.append(cnode.child(i)) if len(lsnode.child)> 0: lsnode.child.append(cnode.child.pop()) new = lsnode x.keys.pop(j) x.child.pop(i) if x == self.root and len(x.keys) == 0: self.root = new # Delete the sibling def delete_sibling(self, x, i, j): cnode = x.child(i) if i 0: cnode.child.append(rsnode.child(0)) rsnode.child.pop(0) rsnode.keys.pop(0) else: lsnode = x.child(j) cnode.keys.insert(0, x.keys(i - 1)) x.keys(i - 1) = lsnode.keys.pop() if len(lsnode.child)> 0: cnode.child.insert(0, lsnode.child.pop()) # Print the tree def print_tree(self, x, l=0): print("Level ", l, " ", len(x.keys), end=":") for i in x.keys: print(i, end=" ") print() l += 1 if len(x.child)> 0: for i in x.child: self.print_tree(i, l) B = BTree(3) for i in range(10): B.insert((i, 2 * i)) B.print_tree(B.root) B.delete(B.root, (8,)) print("") B.print_tree(B.root)
// Inserting a key on a B-tree in Java import java.util.Stack; public class BTree ( private int T; public class Node ( int n; int key() = new int(2 * T - 1); Node child() = new Node(2 * T); boolean leaf = true; public int Find(int k) ( for (int i = 0; i < this.n; i++) ( if (this.key(i) == k) ( return i; ) ) return -1; ); ) public BTree(int t) ( T = t; root = new Node(); root.n = 0; root.leaf = true; ) private Node root; // Search the key private Node Search(Node x, int key) ( int i = 0; if (x == null) return x; for (i = 0; i < x.n; i++) ( if (key < x.key(i)) ( break; ) if (key == x.key(i)) ( return x; ) ) if (x.leaf) ( return null; ) else ( return Search(x.child(i), key); ) ) // Split function private void Split(Node x, int pos, Node y) ( Node z = new Node(); z.leaf = y.leaf; z.n = T - 1; for (int j = 0; j < T - 1; j++) ( z.key(j) = y.key(j + T); ) if (!y.leaf) ( for (int j = 0; j = pos + 1; j--) ( x.child(j + 1) = x.child(j); ) x.child(pos + 1) = z; for (int j = x.n - 1; j>= pos; j--) ( x.key(j + 1) = x.key(j); ) x.key(pos) = y.key(T - 1); x.n = x.n + 1; ) // Insert the key public void Insert(final int key) ( Node r = root; if (r.n == 2 * T - 1) ( Node s = new Node(); root = s; s.leaf = false; s.n = 0; s.child(0) = r; Split(s, 0, r); _Insert(s, key); ) else ( _Insert(r, key); ) ) // Insert the node final private void _Insert(Node x, int k) ( if (x.leaf) ( int i = 0; for (i = x.n - 1; i>= 0 && k = 0 && k x.key(i)) ( i++; ) ) _Insert(x.child(i), k); ) ) public void Show() ( Show(root); ) private void Remove(Node x, int key) ( int pos = x.Find(key); if (pos != -1) ( if (x.leaf) ( int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < x.n && x.key(i) != key; i++) ( ) ; for (; i = T) ( for (;;) ( if (pred.leaf) ( System.out.println(pred.n); predKey = pred.key(pred.n - 1); break; ) else ( pred = pred.child(pred.n); ) ) Remove(pred, predKey); x.key(pos) = predKey; return; ) Node nextNode = x.child(pos + 1); if (nextNode.n>= T) ( int nextKey = nextNode.key(0); if (!nextNode.leaf) ( nextNode = nextNode.child(0); for (;;) ( if (nextNode.leaf) ( nextKey = nextNode.key(nextNode.n - 1); break; ) else ( nextNode = nextNode.child(nextNode.n); ) ) ) Remove(nextNode, nextKey); x.key(pos) = nextKey; return; ) int temp = pred.n + 1; pred.key(pred.n++) = x.key(pos); for (int i = 0, j = pred.n; i < nextNode.n; i++) ( pred.key(j++) = nextNode.key(i); pred.n++; ) for (int i = 0; i < nextNode.n + 1; i++) ( pred.child(temp++) = nextNode.child(i); ) x.child(pos) = pred; for (int i = pos; i < x.n; i++) ( if (i != 2 * T - 2) ( x.key(i) = x.key(i + 1); ) ) for (int i = pos + 1; i < x.n + 1; i++) ( if (i != 2 * T - 1) ( x.child(i) = x.child(i + 1); ) ) x.n--; if (x.n == 0) ( if (x == root) ( root = x.child(0); ) x = x.child(0); ) Remove(pred, key); return; ) ) else ( for (pos = 0; pos key) ( break; ) ) Node tmp = x.child(pos); if (tmp.n>= T) ( Remove(tmp, key); return; ) if (true) ( Node nb = null; int devider = -1; if (pos != x.n && x.child(pos + 1).n>= T) ( devider = x.key(pos); nb = x.child(pos + 1); x.key(pos) = nb.key(0); tmp.key(tmp.n++) = devider; tmp.child(tmp.n) = nb.child(0); for (int i = 1; i < nb.n; i++) ( nb.key(i - 1) = nb.key(i); ) for (int i = 1; i = T) ( devider = x.key(pos - 1); nb = x.child(pos - 1); x.key(pos - 1) = nb.key(nb.n - 1); Node child = nb.child(nb.n); nb.n--; for (int i = tmp.n; i> 0; i--) ( tmp.key(i) = tmp.key(i - 1); ) tmp.key(0) = devider; for (int i = tmp.n + 1; i> 0; i--) ( tmp.child(i) = tmp.child(i - 1); ) tmp.child(0) = child; tmp.n++; Remove(tmp, key); return; ) else ( Node lt = null; Node rt = null; boolean last = false; if (pos != x.n) ( devider = x.key(pos); lt = x.child(pos); rt = x.child(pos + 1); ) else ( devider = x.key(pos - 1); rt = x.child(pos); lt = x.child(pos - 1); last = true; pos--; ) for (int i = pos; i < x.n - 1; i++) ( x.key(i) = x.key(i + 1); ) for (int i = pos + 1; i < x.n; i++) ( x.child(i) = x.child(i + 1); ) x.n--; lt.key(lt.n++) = devider; for (int i = 0, j = lt.n; i < rt.n + 1; i++, j++) ( if (i < rt.n) ( lt.key(j) = rt.key(i); ) lt.child(j) = rt.child(i); ) lt.n += rt.n; if (x.n == 0) ( if (x == root) ( root = x.child(0); ) x = x.child(0); ) Remove(lt, key); return; ) ) ) ) public void Remove(int key) ( Node x = Search(root, key); if (x == null) ( return; ) Remove(root, key); ) public void Task(int a, int b) ( Stack st = new Stack(); FindKeys(a, b, root, st); while (st.isEmpty() == false) ( this.Remove(root, st.pop()); ) ) private void FindKeys(int a, int b, Node x, Stack st) ( int i = 0; for (i = 0; i < x.n && x.key(i) a) ( st.push(x.key(i)); ) ) if (!x.leaf) ( for (int j = 0; j < i + 1; j++) ( FindKeys(a, b, x.child(j), st); ) ) ) public boolean Contain(int k) ( if (this.Search(root, k) != null) ( return true; ) else ( return false; ) ) // Show the node private void Show(Node x) ( assert (x == null); for (int i = 0; i < x.n; i++) ( System.out.print(x.key(i) + " "); ) if (!x.leaf) ( for (int i = 0; i < x.n + 1; i++) ( Show(x.child(i)); ) ) ) public static void main(String() args) ( BTree b = new BTree(3); b.Insert(8); b.Insert(9); b.Insert(10); b.Insert(11); b.Insert(15); b.Insert(20); b.Insert(17); b.Show(); b.Remove(10); System.out.println(); b.Show(); ) )
// Deleting a key from a B-tree in C #include #include #define MAX 3 #define MIN 2 struct BTreeNode ( int item(MAX + 1), count; struct BTreeNode *linker(MAX + 1); ); struct BTreeNode *root; // Node creation struct BTreeNode *createNode(int item, struct BTreeNode *child) ( struct BTreeNode *newNode; newNode = (struct BTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct BTreeNode)); newNode->item(1) = item; newNode->count = 1; newNode->linker(0) = root; newNode->linker(1) = child; return newNode; ) // Add value to the node void addValToNode(int item, int pos, struct BTreeNode *node, struct BTreeNode *child) ( int j = node->count; while (j> pos) ( node->item(j + 1) = node->item(j); node->linker(j + 1) = node->linker(j); j--; ) node->item(j + 1) = item; node->linker(j + 1) = child; node->count++; ) // Split the node void splitNode(int item, int *pval, int pos, struct BTreeNode *node, struct BTreeNode *child, struct BTreeNode **newNode) ( int median, j; if (pos> MIN) median = MIN + 1; else median = MIN; *newNode = (struct BTreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(struct BTreeNode)); j = median + 1; while (j item(j - median) = node->item(j); (*newNode)->linker(j - median) = node->linker(j); j++; ) node->count = median; (*newNode)->count = MAX - median; if (pos item(node->count); (*newNode)->linker(0) = node->linker(node->count); node->count--; ) // Set the value in the node int setValueInNode(int item, int *pval, struct BTreeNode *node, struct BTreeNode **child) ( int pos; if (!node) ( *pval = item; *child = NULL; return 1; ) if (item item(1)) ( pos = 0; ) else ( for (pos = node->count; (item item(pos) && pos> 1); pos--) ; if (item == node->item(pos)) ( printf("Duplicates not allowed"); return 0; ) ) if (setValueInNode(item, pval, node->linker(pos), child)) ( if (node->count linker(pos); for (; dummy->linker(0) != NULL;) dummy = dummy->linker(0); myNode->item(pos) = dummy->item(1); ) // Remove the value void removeVal(struct BTreeNode *myNode, int pos) ( int i = pos + 1; while (i count) ( myNode->item(i - 1) = myNode->item(i); myNode->linker(i - 1) = myNode->linker(i); i++; ) myNode->count--; ) // Do right shift void rightShift(struct BTreeNode *myNode, int pos) ( struct BTreeNode *x = myNode->linker(pos); int j = x->count; while (j> 0) ( x->item(j + 1) = x->item(j); x->linker(j + 1) = x->linker(j); ) x->item(1) = myNode->item(pos); x->linker(1) = x->linker(0); x->count++; x = myNode->linker(pos - 1); myNode->item(pos) = x->item(x->count); myNode->linker(pos) = x->linker(x->count); x->count--; return; ) // Do left shift void leftShift(struct BTreeNode *myNode, int pos) ( int j = 1; struct BTreeNode *x = myNode->linker(pos - 1); x->count++; x->item(x->count) = myNode->item(pos); x->linker(x->count) = myNode->linker(pos)->linker(0); x = myNode->linker(pos); myNode->item(pos) = x->item(1); x->linker(0) = x->linker(1); x->count--; while (j count) ( x->item(j) = x->item(j + 1); x->linker(j) = x->linker(j + 1); j++; ) return; ) // Merge the nodes void mergeNodes(struct BTreeNode *myNode, int pos) ( int j = 1; struct BTreeNode *x1 = myNode->linker(pos), *x2 = myNode->linker(pos - 1); x2->count++; x2->item(x2->count) = myNode->item(pos); x2->linker(x2->count) = myNode->linker(0); while (j count) ( x2->count++; x2->item(x2->count) = x1->item(j); x2->linker(x2->count) = x1->linker(j); j++; ) j = pos; while (j count) ( myNode->item(j) = myNode->item(j + 1); myNode->linker(j) = myNode->linker(j + 1); j++; ) myNode->count--; free(x1); ) // Adjust the node void adjustNode(struct BTreeNode *myNode, int pos) ( if (!pos) ( if (myNode->linker(1)->count> MIN) ( leftShift(myNode, 1); ) else ( mergeNodes(myNode, 1); ) ) else ( if (myNode->count != pos) ( if (myNode->linker(pos - 1)->count> MIN) ( rightShift(myNode, pos); ) else ( if (myNode->linker(pos + 1)->count> MIN) ( leftShift(myNode, pos + 1); ) else ( mergeNodes(myNode, pos); ) ) ) else ( if (myNode->linker(pos - 1)->count> MIN) rightShift(myNode, pos); else mergeNodes(myNode, pos); ) ) ) // Delete a value from the node int delValFromNode(int item, struct BTreeNode *myNode) ( int pos, flag = 0; if (myNode) ( if (item item(1)) ( pos = 0; flag = 0; ) else ( for (pos = myNode->count; (item item(pos) && pos> 1); pos--) ; if (item == myNode->item(pos)) ( flag = 1; ) else ( flag = 0; ) ) if (flag) ( if (myNode->linker(pos - 1)) ( copySuccessor(myNode, pos); flag = delValFromNode(myNode->item(pos), myNode->linker(pos)); if (flag == 0) ( printf("Given data is not present in B-Tree"); ) ) else ( removeVal(myNode, pos); ) ) else ( flag = delValFromNode(item, myNode->linker(pos)); ) if (myNode->linker(pos)) ( if (myNode->linker(pos)->count count == 0) ( tmp = myNode; myNode = myNode->linker(0); free(tmp); ) ) root = myNode; return; ) void searching(int item, int *pos, struct BTreeNode *myNode) ( if (!myNode) ( return; ) if (item item(1)) ( *pos = 0; ) else ( for (*pos = myNode->count; (item item(*pos) && *pos> 1); (*pos)--) ; if (item == myNode->item(*pos)) ( printf("%d present in B-tree", item); return; ) ) searching(item, pos, myNode->linker(*pos)); return; ) void traversal(struct BTreeNode *myNode) ( int i; if (myNode) ( for (i = 0; i count; i++) ( traversal(myNode->linker(i)); printf("%d ", myNode->item(i + 1)); ) traversal(myNode->linker(i)); ) ) int main() ( int item, ch; insertion(8); insertion(9); insertion(10); insertion(11); insertion(15); insertion(16); insertion(17); insertion(18); insertion(20); insertion(23); traversal(root); delete (20, root); printf(""); traversal(root); )
// Deleting a key from a B-tree in C++ #include using namespace std; class BTreeNode ( int *keys; int t; BTreeNode **C; int n; bool leaf; public: BTreeNode(int _t, bool _leaf); void traverse(); int findKey(int k); void insertNonFull(int k); void splitChild(int i, BTreeNode *y); void deletion(int k); void removeFromLeaf(int idx); void removeFromNonLeaf(int idx); int getPredecessor(int idx); int getSuccessor(int idx); void fill(int idx); void borrowFromPrev(int idx); void borrowFromNext(int idx); void merge(int idx); friend class BTree; ); class BTree ( BTreeNode *root; int t; public: BTree(int _t) ( root = NULL; t = _t; ) void traverse() ( if (root != NULL) root->traverse(); ) void insertion(int k); void deletion(int k); ); // B tree node BTreeNode::BTreeNode(int t1, bool leaf1) ( t = t1; leaf = leaf1; keys = new int(2 * t - 1); C = new BTreeNode *(2 * t); n = 0; ) // Find the key int BTreeNode::findKey(int k) ( int idx = 0; while (idx < n && keys(idx) < k) ++idx; return idx; ) // Deletion operation void BTreeNode::deletion(int k) ( int idx = findKey(k); if (idx < n && keys(idx) == k) ( if (leaf) removeFromLeaf(idx); else removeFromNonLeaf(idx); ) else ( if (leaf) ( cout << "The key " << k deletion(k); else C(idx)->deletion(k); ) return; ) // Remove from the leaf void BTreeNode::removeFromLeaf(int idx) ( for (int i = idx + 1; i n>= t) ( int pred = getPredecessor(idx); keys(idx) = pred; C(idx)->deletion(pred); ) else if (C(idx + 1)->n>= t) ( int succ = getSuccessor(idx); keys(idx) = succ; C(idx + 1)->deletion(succ); ) else ( merge(idx); C(idx)->deletion(k); ) return; ) int BTreeNode::getPredecessor(int idx) ( BTreeNode *cur = C(idx); while (!cur->leaf) cur = cur->C(cur->n); return cur->keys(cur->n - 1); ) int BTreeNode::getSuccessor(int idx) ( BTreeNode *cur = C(idx + 1); while (!cur->leaf) cur = cur->C(0); return cur->keys(0); ) void BTreeNode::fill(int idx) ( if (idx != 0 && C(idx - 1)->n>= t) borrowFromPrev(idx); else if (idx != n && C(idx + 1)->n>= t) borrowFromNext(idx); else ( if (idx != n) merge(idx); else merge(idx - 1); ) return; ) // Borrow from previous void BTreeNode::borrowFromPrev(int idx) ( BTreeNode *child = C(idx); BTreeNode *sibling = C(idx - 1); for (int i = child->n - 1; i>= 0; --i) child->keys(i + 1) = child->keys(i); if (!child->leaf) ( for (int i = child->n; i>= 0; --i) child->C(i + 1) = child->C(i); ) child->keys(0) = keys(idx - 1); if (!child->leaf) child->C(0) = sibling->C(sibling->n); keys(idx - 1) = sibling->keys(sibling->n - 1); child->n += 1; sibling->n -= 1; return; ) // Borrow from the next void BTreeNode::borrowFromNext(int idx) ( BTreeNode *child = C(idx); BTreeNode *sibling = C(idx + 1); child->keys((child->n)) = keys(idx); if (!(child->leaf)) child->C((child->n) + 1) = sibling->C(0); keys(idx) = sibling->keys(0); for (int i = 1; i n; ++i) sibling->keys(i - 1) = sibling->keys(i); if (!sibling->leaf) ( for (int i = 1; i n; ++i) sibling->C(i - 1) = sibling->C(i); ) child->n += 1; sibling->n -= 1; return; ) // Merge void BTreeNode::merge(int idx) ( BTreeNode *child = C(idx); BTreeNode *sibling = C(idx + 1); child->keys(t - 1) = keys(idx); for (int i = 0; i n; ++i) child->keys(i + t) = sibling->keys(i); if (!child->leaf) ( for (int i = 0; i n; ++i) child->C(i + t) = sibling->C(i); ) for (int i = idx + 1; i < n; ++i) keys(i - 1) = keys(i); for (int i = idx + 2; i n += sibling->n + 1; n--; delete (sibling); return; ) // Insertion operation void BTree::insertion(int k) ( if (root == NULL) ( root = new BTreeNode(t, true); root->keys(0) = k; root->n = 1; ) else ( if (root->n == 2 * t - 1) ( BTreeNode *s = new BTreeNode(t, false); s->C(0) = root; s->splitChild(0, root); int i = 0; if (s->keys(0) C(i)->insertNonFull(k); root = s; ) else root->insertNonFull(k); ) ) // Insertion non full void BTreeNode::insertNonFull(int k) ( int i = n - 1; if (leaf == true) ( while (i>= 0 && keys(i)> k) ( keys(i + 1) = keys(i); i--; ) keys(i + 1) = k; n = n + 1; ) else ( while (i>= 0 && keys(i)> k) i--; if (C(i + 1)->n == 2 * t - 1) ( splitChild(i + 1, C(i + 1)); if (keys(i + 1) insertNonFull(k); ) ) // Split child void BTreeNode::splitChild(int i, BTreeNode *y) ( BTreeNode *z = new BTreeNode(y->t, y->leaf); z->n = t - 1; for (int j = 0; j keys(j) = y->keys(j + t); if (y->leaf == false) ( for (int j = 0; j C(j) = y->C(j + t); ) y->n = t - 1; for (int j = n; j>= i + 1; j--) C(j + 1) = C(j); C(i + 1) = z; for (int j = n - 1; j>= i; j--) keys(j + 1) = keys(j); keys(i) = y->keys(t - 1); n = n + 1; ) // Traverse void BTreeNode::traverse() ( int i; for (i = 0; i traverse(); cout << " "
n == 0) ( BTreeNode *tmp = root; if (root->leaf) root = NULL; else root = root->C(0); delete tmp; ) return; ) int main() ( BTree t(3); t.insertion(8); t.insertion(9); t.insertion(10); t.insertion(11); t.insertion(15); t.insertion(16); t.insertion(17); t.insertion(18); t.insertion(20); t.insertion(23); cout << "The B-tree is: "; t.traverse(); t.deletion(20); cout << "The B-tree is: "; t.traverse(); )
Zapletenost izbrisa
Najboljši primer Časovna zapletenost: Θ(log n)
Povprečna zapletenost prostora: Θ(n)
Najslabši primer Zapletenost prostora: Θ(n)
